India, mehmaan Unified Payments Interface (UPI) ne 2016 mein launch hone ke baad apni vruddhi mein tezi se badhotri dekhi hai. Pichle mahine, 16.73 billion UPI vyaavaharon mein ₹23.25 laakh crore ka kaam hua. Vyaavahar volume 39 pratishat varshon-varsh badha, jabki moolye 28 pratishat badhi. Averaj mein, December mein lagbhag 540 million UPI vyaavahar hote the jo lagbhag ₹75,000 crore ka kaam karte the.
France, Singapore, UAE, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal, aur Mauritius jaise saat videshi desh ab UPI bhugtaan svikrit karte hain. Reports ke anusaar, is saal UPI ko Qatar mein bhi shuru hone ka samay a sakta hai, sath hi Thailand aur anya deshon mein bhi. Iske alawa, Peru, Namibia aur Trinidad and Tobago bhi National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) ke saath milkar ek UPI-jaisa system launch karne ja rahe hain.
Desi star par, 641 bank – jismein niji, sarkari sectar aur shahri sahayak bank shamil hain – ab UPI par upyukt hain. Chaalis tisri party apps UPI takniki ka mukhya adhaar hai. Mahatvapurn hai ki UPI vyaavaharon ka takniki giravat dar, jo bankon aur NPCI ke ant mein naisargik ya IT samasya ke karan vyavahar asafal hone ko sandeh ki jati hai, ne gambhirata se kam kar diya hai.
Bade banks jaise State Bank of India aur HDFC Bank ke liye, December 2024 mein takniki giravat dar 0.48 pratishat aur 0.09 pratishat thi, jo dikhata hai ki unki bank sevaakaar server ki pratishtha bad rahi hai jab ve prati mahine arabon vyaavaharon ka samana karte hain.
European Payments Council ke ek paper ke anusaar, Bharat mein 350 million active UPI upayogakarta hain aur 340 million QR codes vyapari sthalon par digital bhugtaan ko suvidhajanak banane ke liye hain.
NPCI dvara prastut aur kuch anya gunank hain – jaise UPI Lite, UPI 123PAY, Hello! UPI, aur UPI par credit line – aashirvaad denakumaar varg ki or badhte hain aur eco-system ke bhavishya ki vruddhi karvane ki ummeed hai.
Niyamit Volumes ki Sima
Bharat mein vyapak safalta ke bavjood, upeksha utpann ho rahi hai. Do sarvadhik players – Walmart dwara sambhavit PhonePe aur Google Play – milakar lagbhag 85 pratishat vyaavahar volumes ka hissa hain. Paytm ke paas lagbhag 7 pratishat hissa hai.
Upeksha ka khatara lekar aaya gya tha, yadi ek theesari party app provider (TPAP) dwara prarambh kiye gaye vyaavahar ko pichle tin mahinon mein kul UPI vyaavaharon ka 30 pratishat tak simit karne ki NPCI ne 2020 mein nirdesh diye the. Yeh sima 1 January, 2021 se prabhavit hona tha, jisse TPAPs jo adhik vyaavahar rakhte hain, ko palne ke do varsh milte.
Halaanki, 2022 mein, NPCI ne UPI vyaavaharon ke maujooda upayog evam bhavishya ke sambhavnaon ko maanate huye sima ko December 2024 tak badha diya. Jab tak chhote khiladi sima ka prabhav padne ka intezaar kar rahe the, NPCI ne ek baar phir sima ko December 2026 tak badha diya.
Prakriya Shulk
Mamle se saakshatkar log ke anusaar, is sthiti mein bazar sima ka laagoo karna kathin hoga kyonki UPI vyaavaharon par vyapar diskaut dar (MDR) nahi hai. MDR ek shulk hai jo vyavasayon ko prati har debit ya credit card ka transaction karne ke liye ek bhugtaan karna hota hai.
“Chhote khiladi dhan uthaane mein asamarth hain. Bazaar bhagidari pana chahte hain to aapko nidhi ki aavashyakta hoti hai. Jab tak MDR par nishkarsh nahi kiya jata, bazaar sima chhote khiladiyon ko labh nahi pradaan kar sakti,” ek srot ne kaha. MDR ko UPI vyaavaharon par saksham karna fintech companyon ko bade funds uthane mein kaafi madad karega.
Alag-alag, NPCI ne 2024 mein itihaas mein sabse adhik 20 nai UPI apps ka launch anumati di. Isne WhatsApp par UPI grahak onboarding pratibandh ko hatane ka anumati bhi di, shesh do UPI pramukh players ke adhikaar ka ghataan karne ki koshish mein.
Vishwas Patel, Infibeam Avenues ke sahayak mahaanideshak aur Payments Council of India (PCI) ke adhyaksh, ke anusaar aage badhta un sabhi stakeholders ka ek hi lakshya hona chahiye jo aane wale 300 million Bharatiyon tak UPI ko pahunchane mein sahayak ho.
“Vruddhi hi jeevan hai… Hum NPCI ke dvara UPI apps ka bazaar chhapaan ki sima badhane ka swagat karte hain kyun ki hum mazbooti se maante hain ki Bharatiya log khud hi uplabdh aadhikaar se desh ke dozon nai UPI apps mein se chunav karenge,” unhone kaha.
“Paytm apni khoi hui bazaar bhagidari ko dobara pakad raha hai; Naavi, Cred, Bhim, WhatsApp Pay aur kayi naye apps majbooti se badh rahe hain. Bank bhi apni UPI apps ki vyavastha kar rahe hain. Main mazbooti se maanta hoon ki agle do saalon mein bazar hi iss bazar sima mudde ka samadhan laayega. Mukhya khiladiyon ki vruddhi ko band karna sahi strategy nahi hai aur nishchit roop se UPI ki vruddhi ko dhima kar deta,” unhone kaha.
Barabar Bazaar
Halaanki, chhote UPI khiladi simit 30 pratishat bazar sima ko avashyak maante hain, kahate hain ki har khiladi ne khud ko samarthan UPI seva ko graahakon tak seemit karne mein mahatvapurn nivesh kiya hai.
“Bazar mein aaj kaafi vikalpon hain jisse yeh nishchit kiya ja sakta hai. Yeh kadiyan antrik roop se, sirf naye upbhoktaon ke liye shuru ki ja sakti hai aur baad mein baaki sab ke liye badhaayi ja sakti hai,” ek bade fintech firm ke srijak ne kaha. Bazar sima aur MDR ke abhaav mein, bhugtaan companiyaan, vishesh roop se UPI bhari fintech, nai aavenue ke liye bankon aur chhaaya vitta upabhoktaon ke saath sahaayakata ke liye anveshan kar rahe hain.
Banker bhi sarvadhik vyaap samrisk se virodh kar rahe hain, kaha hai ki unhone asamarthta se ek UPI vyaavahar ko safl nahi banane ke liye mahatvapurn niveshan kiya hai. Ek lokshahi bank CTO ke anusaar bank har varsh server ko maintain aur upgrade karne mein ₹50-60 crore kharch karta hai takki mahine ke laakho UPI vyaavaharon ka samna kar sake.
Udhyogiyon ka kehna hai ki top do UPI seva pradaata Walmart aur Google ke dwara samarthit hain, jo gehri jeb wale hain aur pratiyogitayukt labh pradaan karne ke liye dhan jala sakte hain, unke chhote varg ki tulna mein.
“Sabko uchit mauka diya jaana chahiye vruddhi ke liye. UPI ek public good hai. NPCI ka desh mein bhugtaan infrastructure vikas karne ka pravdhan hai,” ek fintech association adhikari vichar vyakt karte hain, jodte hain ki sthiti quo na keval bankon ko khoon raha hai balki ant-sevakon ke lie vyavsayik labh ke abhaav mein ghatak sabit ho sakta hai.
