The World Health Organization’s recently released “Global Status Report on Neurology” indicates that over 40 percent of the global population—more than 3 billion people—are affected by neurological conditions. Despite this significant prevalence, fewer than one in three countries have established national policies to address the rising burden of these disorders, which account for more than 11 million deaths annually.
The report identifies the ten leading neurological conditions contributing to death and disability as of 2021: stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, idiopathic epilepsy, neurological complications related to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorders, and cancers of the nervous system.
The disparity in neurology specialists is striking; the number of neurologists in low-income countries is 80 times lower than in high-income nations, despite a higher burden of neurological diseases in these regions. Many low- and middle-income countries lack comprehensive national plans, sufficient budgets, and an adequate workforce to tackle these challenges. The WHO urges for immediate, evidence-based, and coordinated global efforts to prioritize brain health and enhance neurological care.
Only 53 percent of WHO member states—102 out of 194—contributed to this inaugural report, highlighting the limited focus on neurology in healthcare. Currently, just 63 countries have a national policy specifically addressing neurological disorders, and only 34 have dedicated funding for this purpose.
Without robust policy frameworks, healthcare systems remain fragmented, underfunded, and poorly equipped to cater to the needs of patients and their families. Though public awareness and advocacy are improving, there remains significant potential for progress in reducing stigma, accelerating reforms, and ensuring that millions of individuals receive the necessary care and recognition.
For the majority of individuals, essential services remain inaccessible. Only 49 WHO member states include neurological disorders in their universal health coverage packages. Critical services such as stroke units, pediatric neurology, rehabilitation, and palliative care are often lacking or confined to urban areas, leaving rural and underserved populations without access to lifesaving treatments and support.
